[Central Location Index – Part 7] 131901387 Manfred Grünberg

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Discussion Question

Manfred GRÜNBERG

#germany POB: Cologne
#holland POR
#jew
#resistance

Joods Biografisch Woordenboek

https://www.weggum.com/Ledermann.html

Herman Cohen (Berkelstraat 4; Amsterdam)
https://www.joodsmonument.nl/en/page/212598/herman-cohen

https://archief.amsterdam/indexen/deeds/98533410-bffe-56a3-e053-b784100ade19?person=98533410-bfff-56a3-e053-b784100ade19

The fascinating and exciting story of his sister Marga Grunberg/Grünberg: Marga Grunberg | Oorlogsverhalen | Verhalen over de oorlog
A Dangerous Balancing Act: Amsterdam 1940-1945 - Marga Grünberg - Google Books
https://mobile.twitter.com/seasidepressorg - she died two months ago, 98 years old
Marga Grunberg (98) bracht illegale Parools rond - in memoriam - Jonet.nl

A friend of Manfred and Marga Grünberg/Grunberg, Leo Weil, named in the articles about Marga, who also was in the resistance, talks in an interview about the first razzia in in the Jewish quarter of Amsterdam in 1941: Zeitzeugen :: Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte

This is about Pieter Hermanus Landweer, the man who helped the Grünbergs/Grunbergs and a lot of other Jews. He was executed in August 1944 and later recognized by Yad Vashem as Righteous Among the Nations, also as a result of Marga Grunberg’s witness report:
„Pieter Landweer, born in 1900, lived in Amsterdam with his wife and four young children. They were Lutheran Protestants. Piet, as he was called, was a teacher by profession, but instead worked as a municipal clerk at the Amsterdam Registration Office since 1920. He worked his way up, and in 1939 he was appointed deputy director of the Registry. With the increasing anti-Jewish measures, first by administrative constraints, Piet soon found himself at the core of German interest due to his position. The Registry, after all, was the source of all official administrative matters concerning the city’s residents, and personal registration cards of each and everyone at the Registry not only mentioned name, address and profession, but also religion. Starting in October 1941, when everyone over 15 years of age was to carry an Identity Card, Jews were administratively made outcasts, as they had their cards stamped with a “J”.
At that point, Piet and a number of colleagues at the Registry decided to help Jews by supplying false identity cards without the discriminating “J”. Or, alternatively, they would be issued cards borrowed from non-Jews who reported their own as “lost”. In both cases, all this also involved changing personal data in the card system. Pieter Landweer developed a system whereby he had Jews for whom he had “Aryan” papers come to the municipality during the lunch break of colleagues he could not trust.
Leo Weil (b. 17.6.1922) received papers without the “J” in the name of Lodewijk Smulders; Manfred (b. 12.3.1923) received papers in the name of H.M. van der Graaf. Also his sister, Marga (b. 11.8.1924), received “Aryan” papers and the same for Max Silber (b. 7.8.1922), and Frans Gerber. Also resistance activists who needed a false identity received falsify papers from Landweer. Pieter soon became a central figure in this operation that also involved ‘lending’ official stamps totrusted resistance cells in the city. Hundreds of false papers were issued and distributed this way. By the summer of 1944, the Registry aroused the suspicion of the German authorities and on July 17 the SD raided its offices. Six employees, among them Pieter Landweer, were arrested and interrogated. As a result, falsifications were detected and Landweer was transferred to the Vught concentration camp (KZ Herzogenbusch), where he was shot on August 4, 1944. On September 23, 2007, Yad Vashem recognized Pieter Hermanus Landweer as Righteous Among the Nations.“ - The Righteous Among the Nations Database